Yogyakarta Special Administrative Region (/ˌjɒɡjəˈkɑrtə/ or /ˌjoʊɡjəˈkɑrtə/; Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY) is a region of Indonesia. The city of Yogyakarta is the capital of the region. The 2010 census estimated its population at approximately 3,452,000.
Yogyakarta is historically and culturally part of the Central Java region, although it is now a separate administrative entity. It is the only region in Indonesia that is still governed by a pre-colonial monarchy, the Sultan of Yogyakarta, who serves as the hereditary governor of the region. Excluding the special capital territory of Jakarta, it is the smallest region of Indonesia.
Yogyakarta's support was essential in Indonesian struggle for independence, during Indonesian National Revolution (1945-1949), The city of Yogyakarta became the capital of Indonesian Republic from January 1946 to December 1948 after the fall of Jakarta to Dutch. Later the Dutch also invade Yogyakarta causing the Republic capital to be transferred again to Bukittinggi in West Sumatra on 19 December 1948. In return for Yogyakarta's support, the declaration of Special Authority over Yogyakarta was granted in full in 1950 and the region became its own region. Because of its significant contribution for the survival of Indonesian Republic, Yogyakarta was given the status as Special Administrative Region, making Yogyakarta the only region headed by a monarchy in Indonesia.
The Special Administrative Region was struck by a 6.3-magnitude earthquake on 27 May 2006. It killed 5,782 people and injured approximately 36,000. 600,000 people were left homeless. The region of Bantul suffered the most damage and deaths.
Mount Merapi is located to the immediate north of the city of Yogyakarta and Sleman Regency. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. It last erupted in October–November 2010, killing and injuring many people and temporarily displacing approximately 100,000 residents.
Yogyakarta is historically and culturally part of the Central Java region, although it is now a separate administrative entity. It is the only region in Indonesia that is still governed by a pre-colonial monarchy, the Sultan of Yogyakarta, who serves as the hereditary governor of the region. Excluding the special capital territory of Jakarta, it is the smallest region of Indonesia.
History
See also: Yogyakarta Sultanate and List of Governors of Yogyakarta
In 1942 the Japanese Empire invaded Dutch East Indies and ruled Java until they were defeated in 1945. Sukarno proclaimed the independence of Indonesian Republic on August 1945. In September 1945, Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII
promptly sent a letter to Sukarno expressing his support to the
newly-born nation of Indonesia and acknowledge Yogyakarta Sultanate as
part of Indonesian Republic. The Sunanate of Surakarta also doing the
same, and both of the Javanese kingdoms realm are awarded special status
as Special Region within Indonesian Republic. However because leftist
anti-royalist uprising in Surakarta, the Sunanate of Surakarta lost its
special administrative status in 1946 and absorbed into Central Java Province.Yogyakarta's support was essential in Indonesian struggle for independence, during Indonesian National Revolution (1945-1949), The city of Yogyakarta became the capital of Indonesian Republic from January 1946 to December 1948 after the fall of Jakarta to Dutch. Later the Dutch also invade Yogyakarta causing the Republic capital to be transferred again to Bukittinggi in West Sumatra on 19 December 1948. In return for Yogyakarta's support, the declaration of Special Authority over Yogyakarta was granted in full in 1950 and the region became its own region. Because of its significant contribution for the survival of Indonesian Republic, Yogyakarta was given the status as Special Administrative Region, making Yogyakarta the only region headed by a monarchy in Indonesia.
The Special Administrative Region was struck by a 6.3-magnitude earthquake on 27 May 2006. It killed 5,782 people and injured approximately 36,000. 600,000 people were left homeless. The region of Bantul suffered the most damage and deaths.
Geography
The Special Administrative Region is located near the southern coast of Java, wholly within the province of Central Java. The population at the 2010 Census was 3,452,390. It has an area of 3,133.15 km2, making it the second-smallest area of the provinces in Indonesia, after the Jakarta Capital Region. Along with surrounding areas in Central Java, it has some of the highest population densities of Java.
Mount Merapi is located to the immediate north of the city of Yogyakarta and Sleman Regency. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. It last erupted in October–November 2010, killing and injuring many people and temporarily displacing approximately 100,000 residents.
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